Whenever you use someone else's words or ideas, you need to cite where that information came from. This ensures that you are giving proper credit to other researchers and avoiding plagiarism. It also shows your readers that you've done proper research, and allows them to track down your sources if they choose to.
Zotero is a citation management program. It links to your Google Chrome and makes saving, managing, and citing your resources a breeze!
Here is a playlist of instructional videos for how to use Zotero. Click the menu on the top left of the video to navigate between them.
The examples provided below apply to the Chicago Notes-Bibliography option. The second line is usually indented 5 spaces.
Example
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Single author
Franklin, John Hope. George Washington Williams: A Biography. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1985.
Two or three authors
Kernighan, Brian W., and Dennis M. Ritchie. The C Programming Language.
Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1978.
Editor or compiler as author
von Hallberg, Robert, ed. Canons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Article or chapter in a book
Beech, Mary Higdon. “The Domestic Realm in the Lives of Hindu Women in
Calcutta.” In Separate Worlds: Studies of Purdah in South Asia, edited
by Hanna Papnanek and Gail Minaul, 110-38. Delhi: Chanakya, 1982.
The examples provided below apply to the Chicago Notes-Bibliography option.
Example
Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical vol# (Year): Pages.
Article in a scholarly journal
Jackson, Richard. "Running Down the Up-Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua
New Guinea." Australian Geographer 14 (1979): 175-84.
Entire issue or special section of a journal
Good, Thomas, ed. “Non-subject-matter Outcomes of Schooling.” Special issue,
Elementary School Journal 99, no. 5 (1999).
Article in a popular magazine
Weber, Bruce. "The Myth Maker: The Creative Mind of Novelist E. L. Doctorow." U.S.
News and World Report, October 1985, 42.
Article in a newspaper
Camille, Andre. "Deciding Who Gets Dibs on Health-Care Dollars." Wall Street Journal,
(March 27, 1984): Section 1.
Periodical published annually
Wilson, G. M. 1917. A Survey of the Social Business Use of Arithmetic. In Sixteenth
Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, 20-22. Bloomington
IL. Public School Publishing Co.
The examples provided below apply to the Chicago Notes-Bibliography option.
Note: Internet sources often don't provide the extensive citation information that most print sources do. Therefore, include as much information as possible such as author/sponsor, website title, and URL. Many web resources are created by an institution or organization (a "corporate author") rather than an individual.
Apple Computer. "QuickTime Pro 7.7 - Technical Specifications."
Apple Computer Support. Last modified November 8, 2012. Accessed
January 3, 2011. http://support.apple.com/kb/SP521.
Mortimer, Gail. “The William Faulkner Society Home Page.”
http://www.english.ufl.edu/faulkner.
Haglund, David, and Tudor Onea. "Victory without Triumph: Theodore Roosevelt,
Honour, and the Alaska Panhandle Boundary Dispute." Diplomacy &
Statecraft 19, no. 1 (2008): 20-41. doi:10.1080/09592290801913692 .
Reick, Philipp. “American Labor and the Working Day.” Oxford Research
Encyclopedia of American History. 24 Feb. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.959.
Catherine Austin Fitts’ Blog. http://solari.com/blog/?p=3620.
The examples provided below apply to the Chicago Notes-Bibliography option. The second line is usually indented 5 spaces.
Example:
Last Name, First Name (of artist). Title. Date. Materials / format, size. Location. Where accessed.
Image scanned from a book:
Neel, Alice. Nancy and the Rubber Plant. 1975. Oil on canvas, 203.2 x 91.4 cm. The Estate of Alice Neel. From: Ann Temkin et al. Alice Neel. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. Plate 64.
Image downloaded from ARTstor:
Klimt, Gustav. Pallas Athene.1898. Painting. Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien. https://library.artstor.org/asset/LESSING_ART_1039902412.
Image downloaded from museum website:
Caravaggio. The Denial of Saint Peter. Early 15th century. Oil on canvas, 94 x 125.4 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. From: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, http://www.metmuseum.org (accessed September 29, 2009).
While you don't have to hand in a formal annotated bibliography for this project, it can be incredibly useful to make one during the research process. Annotated bibliographies note the relevance and authority of the sources you're using for you research. It will help you:
| Questions to Answer: | Examples: |
|---|---|
| What is the material? | Book, chapter, scholarly article, web page |
| What is the work about? | Topics and subjects covered |
| What is the purpose of the work? | Introduction, update, research report |
| Who is the intended audience? | Scholars, general public |
| Who is/are the author(s)? What are their qualifications? | Academic qualifications, research background |
| Authority of the source? | Peer-reviewed journal, reputable publisher |
| Are there any clear biases? | Personal/corporate agenda, unbalanced discussion |
| What are the deficiencies or limitations of the work? | Dubious research methods; information that is clearly missing |
| What are the strengths of the work? | Thorough discussion, extensive research, major work in field |
